In 1958, Mason Sones, newly appointed to the Cleveland Clinic, discovered and then refined the technique of selective coronary arteriography ( 3). Vineberg’s critics considered the postmortem arteriographic findings to be pressure artifacts. Connections to these arterial segments were arteriolar (0.001 mm). ![]() On some occasions, the opaque medium was visualized in distal coronary arterial segments ( 2). He supported his contention by postmortem injections of radio opaque medium into the implanted ITAs. His experimental work in dogs began in 1945 ( 1). ![]() He chose the ITA because his studies had convinced him that it rarely was affected by atherosclerosis. Based on his studies of myocardial anatomy, Vineberg believed that implantation of the bleeding ITA into heart muscle would create a new collateral blood supply to the heart. Accepted for publication May 28, 2018.įifty years of internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafting: a personal reflectionįull appreciation of the history of ITA grafting requires recognition of the persistent work of Arthur Vineberg. Keywords: Multiple internal thoracic artery grafting (multiple ITA grafting) high magnification surgical microscope
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